Democracy
Adopting the Best Governance System in Pakistan

Pakistan has always oscillated between the good and the bad Governance Models as both the civil and the military powers holding the reins of the country one after another. It is unfortunate for the people of Pakistan that despite the passage of 71 years of Independence, we have not been able to find the best Governance Model yet that may serve our subjects in a better way and bring social and economic prosperity.
The Post-Independence period was tattered as Pakistan faced various economic, Social and infrastructural challenges.Pakistan was deprived of its due share from the joint resources at the time of partition.
Yet, Quaid’s able leadership and brave leadership did not let Pakistan go down since he was visionary and had the clear roadmap to steer the county through crisis to prosperity with planning and untiring efforts. He was of the View that if Pakistan’s problems were not addressed or resolved, It may have failed as the state.
The consequential Martial Laws furthered the woes of people that implemented dictatorial laws which were not meant for the people and were contrary to human rights as safeguarded by the constitution. These were the basis that prompted people to denounce such the military coups and raised their voices to regain their freedom of speech and freedom to act according to one’s wishes and intentions.
Pakistan has experienced both the Presidential and parliamentary form of governance. It has also experienced Civil and Military coups and even sustained so far except the Fall of Dhaka in 1971 when Sheikh Mujib was denied the Government despite having an absolute majority to form the government.
As a result of Governance Crisis, Pakistan has suffered on many fronts i.e economic, social and Security. The Ill-will of the feudal nature of Politicians has forcibly sunk the ship of Pakistan by creating a leadership vacuum and gave rise to corrupt practices that played havoc with its fragile and fractured path.
The changing Governance Models, lack of proper Constitutional Development and consensus building have forced the Fragile state to fall in the Governance crisis since no policy framework was followed that may have provided the basis of Constitutional development. The Institutional Building was not initiated that triggered the constant pull in the civil-military relationship.
That was evident from the promulgation of First Constitution on 23rd March 1956, Nine years after the independence, unfortunately, the Martial law was imposed after two and half years of its inaction on 7th October 1958 by the powerful man in our history General Ayoob Khan.
Being a military General, Ayoob khan wanted a controlled and reasonably weaker form of Democracy, since he believed the western form of Democracy does not suit to Pakistan. Consequently, he introduced the 1962 Constitution which came into force on 1st March 1962.
The biggest change in form governance was the introduction of the Presidential form of government since all the powers vested in the president. He was both head of state and head of Government. The Provinces were given autonomy, equality of mankind, independence of the judiciary; rights of minorities were salient features of the constitution.
The Islamic advisory council was also constituted to advise Govt. over Islamic injunctions or laws.
The presidential form of Government was more suitable since all the power vested in President who was elected directly and there was no burden of ineffective legislators just the skeleton Ministers, Provincial Governors and the staff was enough to run the state affairs in a very effective manner since decision making was on the fast track.
“Even the founder of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam had envisaged 71 years ago during his speech found in the handwritten paper that the presidential form of Government is suitable for Pakistan since a parliamentary form of Government does not work owing to feudal vested interests, illiteracy and lack of visionary leadership.
Actually, he had given clear roadmap that as long as feudalism and feudal approach exists in Pakistan, the democracy cannot develop its roots deeper since these feudal politicians have vested interests that are detrimental to people who vote them to power and tantamount to Islamic Ideologies.”
With the resignation of General Ayoob, the constitutional crises once again aggravated with the abrogation of 1962 constitution.
The story unfolded when Sheikh Mujib ur Rahman had succeeded in winning the majority in the first ever general elections of Pakistan held in 1970 but the then military ruler, President General Yahya Khan, had refused categorically to transfer power to him. Sheikh Mujib was imprisoned in Mianwali. General Yahya resigned succumbing to internal pressure.
Then we had the best constitution gifted by Shaheed Zulfiquar Ali Bhutto. The 1973 constitution promulgated on 14th August 1973 with an overwhelming majority. The 1973 constitution was the turning point in the history of Pakistan as it was considered the complete constitution which safeguarded the rights of every citizen. Though East Pakistan was separated in 1971, yet Bhutto steer the country out of governance and constitutional crisis and had solved the long-standing issue.
Even, he was not spared, he was hanged under Zia regime and was inducted in the Murder plot of Nawaz Mohammad Ahmad Khan Kasuri’s, consequently hanged on 3rd April 1978. Bhutto during his premiership reshaped the foreign policy and made people friendly and people-centric decisions that disrupted the status quo and had great economic extinct since he wanted to establish a World Islamic Bank in Pakistan with the help of Islamic Countries.
Bhutto’s speech UN general assembly still echoes in our hearts as No leader in our history had made such fearless and emotional speech that rocked the Superpowers.
Unfortunately, we could not get such a brave and fearless leader who could speak eye to eye with the enemies and even to the Superpowers.
Though we had a leader like Mohammad Khan Junejo who was also a good Statesman and had ignited the real dream of Welfare State his powers were curtailed by former Chief Martial law Administrator and later Elected President through the so-called referendum General Ziaul Haq.
Later, Benazir Bhutto, the great daughter of Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto rose to heights of success but his teammates sunk her ship through corrupt practices in Government. Then, Pakistan went into the two-party system i.e. PPP and PML from 1988 to October 1999.
In 1999, Pakistan experienced yet another military involvement that sent PML-N government packing by General Musharraf. PM Nawaz was jailed and later released on the interference of Saudi kings and exiled with family.
Musharraf after three years, held elections and his Party PML-Q win the elections. In 2007, Benazir Bhutto returned from Self Exile and apparently assassinated during the Public gathering.
Benazir’s Murder brought the turmoil in the country. PPP won 2008 elections on a sympathy vote and Zardari became the President after Musharraf relinquished due to fears of impeachment.
It was the first time that any civilian Government had completed their term and laid the foundation of Democratic Transition.
The PPP government was not impressive and effective but the only good thing they had done that was the 18th amendments that had offered autonomy to the provinces and few federal ministries were devolved to the Provinces including Health and Education.
The 18th amendment also paved the way for the premier to be elected for the third term as earlier it was just two terms. PML-N won 2013 elections with the majority and completed their term but PM Nawaz was disqualified due to Panama Papers case few months before completion of the tenure.
Finally, democratic transition worked again, and the PTI came into power with the slogan of change and making Naya Pakistan.
if we analyze our history, we would be disappointed to know that most of the time, the Martial Law Administrator governed our country as compared to the civilian Government. This gives the message that Pakistani electoral framework only suits a single powerful system means the presidential form of Government as practised in Turkey, Afghanistan and US.
The presidential form of Government is the strong as the president is the head of State and the head of a Government at the same time. He appoints his ministers from professionals, technocrats and Legislature. He makes timely decisions as a Parliamentary form of Government does not allow implementing policies without the debate and without approval from the parliament.
We are still going through a transition and learning from our past mistakes, yet we need to mull over that which Governance Model suits our people–Parliamentary form of Government or Presidential form of Government or Mixture of both.
It is not the time of meddling with both systems or engage in the debate of good or bad system but we should adopt the best governance system suits Pakistan and benefits the common men and bridges the gap between state and the subjects. The system which provides access to justice offers equal opportunities regardless of religion, caste or creed.
It has been seven decades since independence that we are struggling to form a strong and vibrant system that benefits the people of Pakistan. The issue warrants public debate and is open to the public to give their input which system of Governance may be fruitful for them that strengthens the federation, Federating units and builds the basis of good governance.
Though we have a new government in place but the old players of Opposition Parties PPP, PML-N and JUI, MMA and ANP are giving a tough time to hide their corrupt practices. Therefore, if we want the state to flourish and prosper, we need to put the presidential form of governance for a four or five year to analyze whether it is physible for Pakistan and produces desired results. Either, We have to part ways with the parliamentary form of Government or adhere to the Presidential form of Government as practised in developed nations of the world.
Analysis
Survey Results Reveal: Young Right-Wing Women Demand Trump Debate

Table of Contents
Introduction
A recent survey conducted by Change Research has revealed that young women with right-wing political views are demanding a debate with former President Donald Trump. The survey was conducted in the United States and included participants from different age groups and political affiliations.
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the survey results and analyze the possible reasons for the demand.
Survey Results
The survey included 1,009 participants from across the United States. The participants were divided into different age groups and political affiliations. The survey found that 57% of young women with right-wing political views demanded a debate with Donald Trump. This is in contrast to other groups, where the demand was much lower.
Analysis
The survey results raise several questions about the possible reasons for the demand. One possible reason is that young women with right-wing political views see Donald Trump as a strong leader who can represent their interests. They may also see him as a symbol of the conservative movement and want to hear his views on various issues.
Another possible reason is that young women with right-wing political views are dissatisfied with the current political climate and want to hear from a leader who can bring about change. They may see Donald Trump as someone who can shake up the political establishment and bring about the changes they desire.
The demand for a debate with Donald Trump also has several implications. It shows that young women with right-wing political views are an important demographic that cannot be ignored. It also highlights the need for political leaders to engage with young people and understand their concerns.
The demand for a debate with Donald Trump can also be compared to other political debates. For example, the demand for a debate with Bernie Sanders was much higher among young people with left-wing political views. This shows that young people across the political spectrum are interested in hearing from political leaders who represent their views.
Conclusion
The survey results show that young women with right-wing political views are demanding a debate with former President Donald Trump. The demand is much higher among this group compared to other groups. The demand raises several questions about the possible reasons and implications. It also highlights the need for political leaders to engage with young people and understand their concerns.
China
A Tribute to Late Li Keqiang: The Former Premier of China

Table of Contents
Introduction
In a world marked by political upheavals and power struggles, the life and legacy of Li Keqiang, the former Premier of China, stand out as a testament to leadership, vision, and unwavering dedication. This opinion article pays tribute to a man whose name has become synonymous with transformative change and indomitable will. Li Keqiang often referred to as “PM” for his role as the Premier of China, left an indelible mark on the world stage. This piece will delve into his remarkable contributions, his visionary leadership, and the grand state funeral that honoured his memory.
Li Keqiang: A Brief Biography
Li Keqiang, born on July 1, 1955, in Hefei, Anhui Province, China, had a humble beginning. He rose through the ranks of the Communist Party of China and, after years of dedicated service, became the Premier in 2013. His journey from an ordinary Chinese citizen to one of the most influential political figures in the world is a testament to his perseverance and commitment to public service.
Early Life and Education
Li’s early life was marked by modesty and a deep desire for knowledge. He pursued his education diligently and later graduated from Peking University, where he earned a degree in economics. This solid academic foundation would prove crucial in shaping his vision for China’s future.
Li Keqiang’s Contributions
Economic Reforms and Modernization
Li’s tenure as Premier witnessed significant strides in China’s economic growth. His commitment to economic reforms and modernization programs played a pivotal role in lifting millions of Chinese citizens out of poverty. His “Chinese Dream” initiative aimed to make China a more equitable and prosperous nation.
Li believed that economic development should benefit all segments of society, not just the elite. His policies aimed at reducing income inequality, ensuring equal access to education and healthcare, and creating opportunities for entrepreneurs and small businesses.
Environmental Stewardship
Under Li Keqiang’s leadership, China took significant steps to address environmental issues. He recognized the importance of sustainability and pushed for initiatives to combat air pollution, promote clean energy, and reduce carbon emissions. His emphasis on environmental protection showcased his commitment to a harmonious society and a better future for the planet.
Global Diplomacy
As China’s Premier, Li played a vital role in shaping the country’s foreign policy. He believed in peaceful coexistence, diplomatic negotiations, and mutual respect among nations. His vision for a globally interconnected world that respected each country’s sovereignty marked a shift in China’s approach to international relations.
The Visionary Leader
Li Keqiang was not merely a statesman; he was a visionary leader who saw China’s potential on the world stage. His vision extended beyond economic growth to encompass a global perspective. He envisioned a China that would lead in innovation, technology, and sustainable development.
State Funeral: A Grand Tribute
Li Keqiang’s passing was a moment of profound sorrow for the Chinese people. To honor his memory, a grand state funeral was held. Dignitaries from across the world attended, paying their respects to a leader who had left an indelible mark on history.
The funeral was a sombre yet majestic event, reflecting the respect and admiration Li commanded. It served as a reminder of the significant contributions he made to his nation and the world.
Conclusion
In the annals of history, Li Keqiang’s name will forever be etched as a visionary leader and a statesman of unparalleled influence. His contributions to China’s growth, his commitment to environmental stewardship, and his vision for a globally interconnected world continue to inspire. The grand state funeral that honoured his memory was a fitting tribute to a life well lived.
Li Keqiang’s legacy serves as a reminder that true leadership goes beyond politics; it is about leaving the world better than you found it. His journey, from humble beginnings to the highest echelons of power, is a testament to the potential within each of us to make a positive impact on the world. Li Keqiang will always be remembered as a beacon of hope, a symbol of dedication, and a source of inspiration for generations to come.
Democracy
From Gerontocracy to Youthcracy: The Dilemma of Political Parties in Pakistan

Table of Contents
Introduction
The political landscape of Pakistan is undergoing a profound transformation, marked by a shift from gerontocracy to youthcracy. This article provides an in-depth exploration of this transition, its implications for political parties, and the evolving dynamics of power in the country. In a comprehensive examination, we delve into the challenges and opportunities faced by political parties as they adapt to this rapidly changing political landscape.
Understanding Gerontocracy
Gerontocracy, a term that has been frequently used to characterize the Pakistani political system, describes a situation where the elderly wield considerable power and influence in the governance of a nation. In Pakistan, this phenomenon has prevailed for decades, with senior politicians dominating the political stage. However, as the demographics of the country evolve, with a growing population of young citizens, political parties are confronted with a complex dilemma.

The Emergence of Youthcracy
The Power of the Youth Vote
Pakistan boasts a vibrant and youthful population, with a significant percentage under the age of 30. These young individuals are increasingly becoming politically aware and active, wielding the potential to reshape the nation’s political landscape. The emergence of youth power, often referred to as youthcracy, has become a defining feature of contemporary Pakistani politics.
The power of the youth vote cannot be overstated. The sheer number of young voters makes them a formidable force to be reckoned with. Political parties are beginning to recognize that winning the allegiance of this demographic is no longer an option but a necessity.
Challenges Faced by Political Parties
Balancing Experience and Fresh Perspective
One of the foremost challenges confronting political parties in Pakistan is how to navigate the delicate balance between the seasoned politicians who have long held sway and the energetic yet relatively inexperienced youth. The interplay between experience and fresh perspectives has become a pivotal factor for the success of any political party.
While experienced politicians bring a wealth of knowledge and a deep understanding of the intricacies of governance, they may also be associated with entrenched interests and resistance to change. In contrast, the youth represent innovation, fresh ideas, and a desire for reform. Striking the right equilibrium between these two demographics is crucial for political parties seeking to remain relevant and effective.
Adapting to Modern Communication
The youth are digitally connected, and their political awakening often happens on social media platforms. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok have become powerful tools for mobilization and advocacy. Political parties must adapt to these changing communication dynamics to engage with the younger generation effectively.
Traditional campaign methods, such as door-to-door canvassing and rallies, are no longer sufficient. Digital campaigns, online debates, and viral content creation have become the norm. Political parties must invest in sophisticated digital strategies, engaging with the youth where they are most active and receptive.
Strategies for Political Parties
Navigating the transition from gerontocracy to youthcracy requires strategic foresight and adaptability. Here are key strategies that political parties can employ to thrive in this evolving political landscape:
Encouraging Youth Participation
To embrace youthcracy, political parties must actively encourage young individuals to participate in politics. This goes beyond tokenism and superficial youth wings within parties. It involves offering substantial leadership roles to young politicians, mentorship programs, and providing platforms for the youth to voice their concerns.
Moreover, political parties should prioritize issues that resonate with the youth, such as education, employment opportunities, and environmental sustainability. Addressing these concerns demonstrates a commitment to the aspirations of the younger generation.
Embracing Technological Advancements
Utilizing technology for outreach, campaigns, and information dissemination is no longer optional—it is imperative. Political parties need to harness the power of data analytics, targeted advertising, and social media engagement to connect with the younger audience effectively.
Digital platforms provide an opportunity for direct interaction with voters, allowing parties to gauge sentiment, address concerns in real time, and tailor their messaging to specific demographics. This digital transformation also extends to fundraising efforts, which can now be conducted online with greater efficiency and transparency.
Promoting Transparency and Accountability
The youth are often more critical of corruption and inefficiency in government. Political parties must prioritize transparency and accountability to gain the trust of this demographic. Implementing robust anti-corruption measures, disclosing sources of funding, and holding party members accountable for misconduct are essential steps.
Furthermore, political parties should adopt a culture of inclusivity, where decisions are made collectively, and policies are developed through open dialogue. This approach not only fosters trust but also ensures that the concerns of diverse segments of the population, including the youth, are considered.
Conclusion
The transformation from gerontocracy to youthcracy is reshaping the landscape of Pakistani politics. This paradigm shift presents both challenges and opportunities for political parties. Those who successfully adapt to these changes will be better positioned to address the evolving needs and aspirations of the Pakistani population.
As we move forward, the key to political success in Pakistan lies in embracing the demographic realities of the country. The youth are not merely the future; they are the present. Their voices, aspirations, and demands must be at the forefront of political agendas.
In conclusion, the era of youthcracy in Pakistan signals a new dawn in the nation’s political history. It is a testament to the vitality and dynamism of the country’s youth. Political parties that understand this transition and respond proactively will not only survive but thrive in the evolving landscape of Pakistani politics.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- What is gerontocracy in the context of Pakistani politics? Gerontocracy refers to a political system where older individuals hold significant power and influence in the government.
- What is youthcracy, and how is it affecting political parties in Pakistan? Youthcracy represents the growing influence of the younger generation in politics, challenging traditional power dynamics within political parties in Pakistan.
- Why is the youth vote important in Pakistani politics? The youth vote is crucial because Pakistan has a significant young population, and their political engagement can shape the country’s future.
- How can political parties in Pakistan encourage youth participation? Political parties can encourage youth participation by offering leadership roles, mentorship programs, and creating platforms for young voices.
- What role does technology play in the transition to youthcracy? Technology is essential for reaching and engaging with the youth. Political parties need to utilize digital strategies for effective communication.
- Why is transparency and accountability important in attracting the youth to vote? The youth often demand transparency and accountability in politics, and parties that prioritize these values are more likely to gain their trust.
- What are the benefits of a political party embracing both experience and fresh perspectives? Embracing both experience and fresh perspectives allows a party to draw on the wisdom of seasoned politicians while also tapping into the energy and innovation of the youth.
- How can political parties effectively use social media to engage with the youth? Political parties can use social media by creating engaging content, participating in online discussions, and addressing the concerns and issues that matter most to young voters.
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