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US-Russia Efforts for Resolving The Afghan Conflict

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Given the existing geopolitical and geo-economical factors, the old rivals of the East and the West Block i. e US and Russia have expedited the peace efforts to resolve the Afghan conundrum.

In this connection, Russia took the lead by hosting the peace Moot at Moscow in which all the regional player’s i.e Afghan Taliban and Afghan Peace Council members participated ,besides, there were also representatives from India and Pakistan to find the lasting solution for Afghan peace by taking all the stakeholders on board. Though the peace talks could not bear the fruit owing to the Taliban’s conditions demanding immediate US withdrawal from Afghanistan and amendments in the  Afghan Constitution.

Observing this move , US President , took a U-Turn from his  earlier stand in which he had twitter blitz against Pakistan but later on , wrote a Letter to PM Khan seeking help to reach agreement with the insurgent Taliban and bring them to the  negotiating table to settle the conflict  and find  political solution to end the longest war US ever fought .

Even, the Reshaping and Realignment of the Foreign Policy of Pakistan also worked for New PTI Government that has started bearing fruit.  Historically, the then Soviet Union’s disintegration was also the cause of Afghan Invasion and the present isolation of US at International level is also linked with US’ Invasion of Afghanistan that created hatred towards the US globally.

The history shows that both the superpowers tried to occupy Afghanistan but they both sustained heavy losses in their bid to gain hold of the territory.

Present Russia and the then Soviet Union’s Invasion of Afghanistan was also one of the longest war lasting over nine years and was started in  December 1979  and continued till 1989.

The Afghans have sufficient experience of fighting Gorilla war since they lacked the sophisticated weaponry for the war as well as modern-day artillery.Even lacked skills of modern warfare. On the contrary, the Soviet Union was well equipped having well-trained Military with high range weaponry, tanks, canons and other war-related logistics.

The Mujahideen also fought with Soviet Forces and with the Soviet union’s backed and installed Community Afghan Government. The Afghan mujahidin had a stronghold in rural areas since they enjoyed support from the local communities.

The insurgent groups were supported by the US to compel Soviet Union to withdraw its forces from Afghanistan. During the Afghan war, it is estimated that as many as hundreds of civilians were killed and millions fled to Pakistan and Iran as refugees.

 The Reason of war was the forcible expansion of Communism and communist ideologies in Afghanistan by bringing regime change in Afghanistan. The Soviet Union was able to install communist party after a deadly coup in the year 1978 when Soviet-backed communist Noor Mohammad Tamaki became the President of Afghanistan.

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Coming into power, the communist Party reformed the system with radical concepts of modernization containing communist ideologies throughout the country which was severely criticized as it was the first time that communism was abortively being propagated with the support of Soviet Union.

Despite Resolutions of the OIC  and UN  against Soviet intervention in Afghanistan and the demand for immediate withdrawal,  the Soviet Union continued its offensive. The Big powers became the part of the game and the US started supporting   to Insurgent groups with support from local players in order to compel  Soviet Union to pull out its troops from Afghanistan  and especially US bid for  stopping the rapid spread of  communism to other parts of the region  since Soviet had installed  it’s  so-called communist party set up and radicalized the country with communist ideologies .

There were reports that Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had played a significant role in emphasizing U.S. influence in Afghanistan and supporting the military operations meant to frustrate the Soviet invasion and forcing them to mull over withdrawal from the occupied State Afghanistan.

The International community strongly condemned the Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan and consequently imposed numerous sanctions and restrictions against the then Soviet Union. 

After Bloody war in Afghanistan, The  Soviet Union under reformist leader Mikhail Gorbachev announced to withdraw its forces from Afghanistan.  After the announcement, the withdrawal of Soviet troops commenced in 1988 and subsequently ended in 1989.The fragile Afghan government was left alone to cope with the insurgents and fight with these forces. The Soviet Union’s failure in Afghan war later caused the fall of the Soviet Union.

Historically, it is proven that the Afghanistan Soil has always become the death trap for the foreign invaders especially the Soviet Union that resulted in its disintegration After the sequence of events on December 31, 1991. The former superpower was replaced by 15 independent countries such as  Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia,  Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,  Latvia, lithuania, Moldova, Russia,  Tajikistan,  Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

Similarly, after 9/11 incident of the  World Trade Centre, US President George .W.Bush announced to initiate air and ground strikes against Afghanistan since the insurgent Taliban regime had refused to hand over the Osama Bin Laden  to America  as  he(OBL)  was the most wanted Terrorist  and he was reportedly hiding in Afghanistan with the support of the then Afghan Taliban Government  .

On the excuse of such diplomatic matter, US-initiated strikes with the support of NATO Forces. Pakistan’s the then President General Musharraf played a sensible role to diffuse the tensions and the pressure from the superpower and agreed to provide Ground and aerial support since refusal in such circumstances might have led to war with Pakistan that might have been very devastating and destructive. Since Pakistan was asked by the US that whether Pakistan was with him or Not.

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The US intentions for regime change in Afghanistan had succeeded temporarily  but unlike installing Pro US Regime of Hamid Karzai and Ashraf Ghani, Taliban still survived the strikes and inflicted heavy losses to US-led forces in Afghanistan and still control a large area of Afghanistan still there is a bloodbath in Afghanistan and still  suicide blasts are very common  .

Despite waging the longest war of 17 years, US has failed miserably to control the insurgent forces to whom it had supported against Soviet Invasion. it was the plant sown by it decades ago that has been transformed into a fruited tree has become a jungle. The support to insurgency during the soviet-afghan war has become the failure of US   in Afghanistan.

The invasion of Afghanistan led to Disintegration of Soviet Union in 1991; America also feared such disintegration since it has failed miserably to suppress the Taliban (Religious insurgent  Forces) and seeking help from Pakistan to get rid of the Afghan Mess so that it may pull out its troops from Afghanistan after 17 Years of Stay. 

The US has succumbed to the internal and external pressure of being isolated from the world, given the multi-polarization of the world that raised eyebrows of the Trump Administration as it pursued aggressive foreign policy options towards  World Powers especially the Islamic Countries such as Turkey, Iran , Saudi Arabia and Pakistan.

The foreign Policy Analysts and Former Diplomats had termed the Trump’s Twitter tirade as frustration and the criticism it has received from all the quarters that led to his humiliating defeat in Mid-term elections 2018 adding to great strength to its opposition party.

Receiving Strong response from New PTI regime under the leadership of Imran Khan, Trump changed its stance suddenly and wrote a letter to Pakistan for Helping US in Afghan Peace Process and bringing Taliban to negotiation Table. The gesture was widely appreciated and welcomed by the both Civil and Military leadership as Pakistan’s stance was accepted atlas since it always pressed for finding the political solution to Afghan conundrum. 

The recent direct talks between US and Taliban have led to the change of attitude in Trump Administration and there came a surprising announcement of pulling out US-Troops from Syria and Afghanistan. Though withdrawal announcement is too hasty and untimely as existing Ghani’s government is very weak to deal with the dismal security situation, yet the Afghan Government is of the view that they would manage it.

So, both invaders i.e US and Russia are taking key efforts to get the credit to maintain peace in Afghanistan. The efforts for peace are appreciable since  Pakistan is a peace loving country and lasting peace in Afghanistan will be beneficial to whole south Asian and central Asian regions including  Pakistan as the prime beneficiary.

Let’s hope for the best and release the caged Peace birds –The pigeons to spread the message of Peace and harmony after misery oppression and genocide of 17 years that destroyed the  infrastructural outlook and caused socio-economic degradation and currency depreciation due to  the prolonged war, making Life miserable for common people in Afghanistan. It will also pave the way for the repatriation of  Afghan Refugees present in India, Iran and Pakistan if the peace returns to their homeland.

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Analysis

China warns US to choose between cooperation or confrontation: Blinken given ultimatum

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According to reports, China has warned the United States that it must choose between “cooperation or confrontation” in their relationship. The comments were made by Yang Jiechi, a senior Chinese diplomat, during a virtual meeting with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken. The meeting was the first high-level talks between the two countries since President Joe Biden took office.

The warning comes amid growing tensions between the US and China over a range of issues, including trade, human rights, and Taiwan. The two countries have been engaged in a trade war since 2018, which has seen both sides impose tariffs on each other’s goods. In addition, the US has imposed sanctions on Chinese officials over the treatment of Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang, while China has been accused of cracking down on democracy in Hong Kong.

The meeting between Blinken and Yang was described as “tough” and “frank” by both sides. While the US has said it wants to work with China on issues such as climate change and the pandemic, it has also called on China to respect human rights and stop its aggressive actions in the South China Sea.

Diplomatic Ultimatum

China's warning to US: "co-operation or confrontation."

China has warned the United States sternly, stating that it must choose between cooperation or confrontation. The ultimatum was delivered by China’s top diplomat, Yang Jiechi, during a virtual meeting with US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken.

Blink en’s Response

Blinken responded that the US is not seeking confrontation with China, but rather wants to ensure that the relationship between the two countries is based on “fairness, reciprocity and respect for international rules and norms.” He also emphasised the importance of addressing human rights issues in China, including the treatment of Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang.

US-China Relations

The relationship between the US and China has been strained in recent years, with both countries engaging in a trade war and accusing each other of human rights abuses. China’s warning to the US comes as tensions continue to rise between the two nations.

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It remains to be seen how the US will respond to China’s ultimatum, but the relationship between the two countries will be a key issue in international relations for the foreseeable future.

Areas of Cooperation and Confrontation

China warns US, emphasizing choice between cooperation or confrontation. Tension evident in body language and facial expressions

China and the United States have a complex relationship, with areas of both cooperation and confrontation. The following are some of the key areas where the two countries have worked together and where they have faced challenges.

Trade and Economic Policies

China and the United States are two of the world’s largest economies, and their trade relationship is critical to the global economy. However, the two countries have had a long-standing trade dispute, with the US accusing China of unfair trade practices, intellectual property theft, and currency manipulation. This has led to the imposition of tariffs on both sides, which has hurt businesses and consumers in both countries.

Military and Security Issues

China’s growing military power and territorial ambitions have raised concerns in the United States and other countries in the region. The US has accused China of militarizing the South China Sea, and has increased its military presence in the region in response. The two countries have also clashed over Taiwan, with the US supporting the island’s independence and China claiming it as part of its territory.

Human Rights and Cybersecurity

The US has raised concerns about China’s human rights record, particularly in relation to Tibet, Xinjiang, and Hong Kong. China has been accused of suppressing dissent, cracking down on religious and ethnic minorities, and violating international human rights standards. The two countries have also clashed over cybersecurity, with the US accusing China of state-sponsored hacking and cyber espionage.

In conclusion, the relationship between China and the United States is complex, with cooperation and confrontation in several key areas. While there are challenges to be addressed, there are also opportunities for the two countries to work together to address global issues such as climate change and economic development.

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Implications for International Relations

China's warning to US: "Co-operation or confrontation" in international relations

Allies’ Reactions

China’s warning to the US about the need to choose between “cooperation or confrontation” has implications for international relations, particularly about how US allies will react. The US has traditionally relied on its allies in the Asia-Pacific region to help counterbalance China’s growing influence. However, some of these allies, such as Japan and South Korea, have been hesitant to take a hardline stance against China, preferring instead to maintain good economic relations with their neighbour.

The recent warning from China could further complicate matters for the US and its allies, as it may force them to choose between maintaining good economic relations with China or siding with the US in a potential confrontation. This could lead to a fracturing of the US-led alliance system in the region, which could ultimately benefit China.

Global Strategic Balance

China’s warning also has implications for the global strategic balance. The US has been increasingly concerned about China’s military modernisation and its growing influence in the Asia-Pacific region. The US has responded by increasing its military presence in the region and strengthening its alliances with countries such as Japan and South Korea.

However, China’s warning could be seen as a challenge to the US’s strategic position in the region. If the US were to back down in the face of China’s warning, it could be seen as a sign of weakness, which could embolden China to further assert its influence in the region.

On the other hand, if the US were to take a hardline stance against China, it could risk escalating tensions and potentially even leading to a military confrontation. This would have serious implications for the global strategic balance, particularly given the nuclear capabilities of both countries.

Overall, China’s warning to the US has significant implications for international relations and the global strategic balance. The US and its allies will need to carefully consider their response in order to maintain stability and avoid further escalating tensions in the region.

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Conflict

Iran Seizes Israel-Linked Container Vessel Following Suspected Israeli Air Strike on Consular Building in Damascus

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Iran has seized an Israel-linked container vessel in response to a suspected Israeli air strike on its consular building in Damascus. The seizure of the vessel is the latest in a series of incidents between Iran and Israel, highlighting the ongoing tensions between the two countries.

The vessel, which was reportedly carrying a cargo of chemicals, was seized in the Persian Gulf and taken to an Iranian port for inspection. The incident has raised concerns about the safety of shipping in the region, as tensions between Iran and Israel continue to simmer. The Israeli government has not commented on the incident, but it is believed that the vessel was owned by an Israeli company.

The seizure of the vessel comes amid rising tensions between Iran and Israel, which have been exacerbated by a series of incidents in recent months. In addition to the suspected air strike on the Iranian consular building in Damascus, there have been a number of other incidents, including attacks on Israeli-owned ships and alleged sabotage at an Iranian nuclear facility. The situation is likely to remain tense, with both sides vowing to respond to any further provocations.

Iran’s Seizure of Israeli-Linked Vessel

Circumstances of the Seizure

On April 13, 2024, Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) seized an Israeli-linked container vessel in the Persian Gulf, claiming it had violated Iranian territorial waters. The vessel, named MV Rachel, was reportedly owned by an Israeli shipping company and was sailing from the UAE to India when it was intercepted by Iranian naval forces.

According to Iranian state media, the vessel was carrying “contraband” and was seized in accordance with Iran’s maritime laws. However, Israeli officials have denied any wrongdoing and accused Iran of using the seizure as a pretext to escalate tensions in the region.

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International Response

The seizure of the MV Rachel has drawn condemnation from the international community, with many countries calling for the immediate release of the vessel and its crew. The United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany have all issued statements expressing concern over the incident and calling for a peaceful resolution to the crisis.

Israel has not yet commented on the seizure, but the country’s defence minister has warned that Israel will not tolerate any threats to its security and will take all necessary measures to protect its interests.

The seizure of the MV Rachel comes amid rising tensions between Iran and Israel, following a suspected Israeli air strike on Iran’s consular building in Damascus. Tehran has vowed to respond to the attack, raising fears of a wider conflict in the region.

Suspected Israeli Air Strike in Damascus

Israeli airstrike in Damascus, container vessel seized by Iran. Tension and retaliation loom

On April 13, 2024, Tehran vowed to respond to a suspected Israeli air strike on its consular building in Damascus. The attack reportedly occurred on April 12, 2024, and targeted the Iranian Consulate in Damascus. While there are no official reports of casualties or damage, the attack has been condemned by the Iranian government.

Details of the Attack

The details of the attack are still unclear, but it is suspected that Israeli forces were responsible. The Israeli government has not officially claimed responsibility for the attack. However, Israel has been known to carry out similar attacks in the past, targeting Iranian military and diplomatic installations in Syria.

Iran’s Vow for Retaliation

In response to the suspected Israeli air strike, Tehran has vowed to retaliate. Iranian officials have not provided any details on what form the retaliation will take, but have warned that Israel will face consequences for its actions.

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The attack on the Iranian Consulate in Damascus comes amid rising tensions between Iran and Israel. The two countries have been engaged in a long-standing conflict, with Israel accusing Iran of supporting terrorist groups and pursuing nuclear weapons. Iran, in turn, has accused Israel of carrying out attacks on its nuclear facilities and assassinating its scientists.

The situation is likely to escalate further if Iran carries out its threat of retaliation. The international community has called for calm and urged both sides to exercise restraint.

Implications for Regional Stability

Iranian military surrounds a container vessel with Israeli markings. Tehran threatens retaliation for suspected Israeli attack

The seizure of an Israel-linked container vessel by Iran has raised concerns about the potential for escalation in the region. Tehran has accused Israel of being behind a suspected air strike on its consular building in Damascus and has vowed to respond.

The incident highlights the ongoing tensions between Iran and Israel, which have been at odds for decades. It also underscores the broader geopolitical challenges facing the Middle East, where various actors are competing for influence and power.

The implications for regional stability are significant. The seizure of the vessel could lead to further tit-for-tat actions between Iran and Israel, potentially escalating into a wider conflict. It could also strain relations between Iran and other countries in the region, including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, which have been critical of Iran’s actions in the past.

Moreover, the incident could have economic consequences, as it could disrupt shipping routes in the region and affect the flow of goods. This could have a ripple effect on global trade and the wider economy.

Overall, the situation underscores the need for diplomacy and dialogue to resolve the underlying issues driving these tensions. It also highlights the importance of regional cooperation and the need for all parties to work together to promote stability and security in the Middle East.

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The Israeli Colonial-Settler State Unmasked: Democracy No Barrier to Genocide

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The Israeli colonial settler state has been a topic of controversy for decades. The idea of a state based on the colonisation of another people’s land has been criticised by many as a violation of human rights and international law. The recent unmasking of the Israeli colonial settler state has brought these criticisms to the forefront of international attention.

Israel’s democracy has been touted by many as a model for the Middle East. However, the reality is that the Israeli state has been accused of committing genocide against the Palestinian people. This accusation is not new, but it has gained traction in recent years as more and more evidence has come to light. Just like the historic Anglo-American colonialism in the US, Canada and Australia, Israel’s democracy has not been a barrier to genocide.

The unmasking of the Israeli colonial-settler state has been a long time coming. The international community has been calling for an end to Israel’s occupation of Palestinian land for decades. However, it is only in recent years that the world has begun to see the true nature of the Israeli state. The evidence of genocide and human rights violations has become too overwhelming to ignore.

Historical Context of Israeli Settlements

Origins of Israeli Colonial-Settler State

The establishment of the Israeli state in 1948 marked the beginning of a long-standing conflict with the Palestinian people. Israel’s occupation of Palestinian land and the construction of settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip have been a source of tension and violence for decades. The Israeli colonial-settler state has been unmasked for what it is, with its policies of ethnic cleansing, displacement, and genocide being exposed for the world to see.

The origins of the Israeli colonial-settler state can be traced back to the early Zionist movement, which advocated for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. In the early 20th century, Jewish settlers began to arrive in Palestine, purchasing land from absentee landlords and displacing Palestinian farmers. This process of colonization continued after the establishment of the Israeli state in 1948, with the Israeli government actively promoting the settlement of Jewish Israelis in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

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Comparative Analysis of Anglo-American Colonialism

The Israeli colonial-settler state shares many similarities with historic Anglo-American colonialism in the US, Canada, and Australia. Like these former colonial powers, Israel has used violence, displacement, and genocide to maintain its control over Palestinian land. Israel’s democracy is no barrier to these policies, as evidenced by the ongoing occupation and settlement of Palestinian land.

One key difference between Israeli colonialism and Anglo-American colonialism is the role of religion in the former. While Anglo-American colonialism was often justified on secular grounds, such as the need for resources or the spread of civilization, Israeli colonialism is rooted in religious beliefs about the Jewish people’s rightful claim to the land of Israel. This has led to a particularly brutal form of colonialism, with Israeli settlers often using violence and intimidation to displace Palestinian families from their homes.

In conclusion, the historical context of Israeli settlements is rooted in the early Zionist movement’s desire for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The Israeli colonial-settler state has been unmasked for what it is, with its policies of ethnic cleansing, displacement, and genocide being exposed for the world to see. The similarities between Israeli colonialism and historic Anglo-American colonialism are striking, with both using violence and displacement to maintain control over colonized lands.

Democracy and Its Limits

Mechanisms of Israeli Democracy

Israel has long been touted as a democratic state in the Middle East. However, the reality is that the mechanisms of Israeli democracy have been used to systematically oppress and disenfranchise the Palestinian people. The Israeli government has used a variety of tactics, such as gerrymandering and discriminatory laws, to ensure that Palestinians are not able to fully participate in the democratic process.

For example, the Israeli government has implemented a number of laws that discriminate against Palestinians, such as the “Jewish Nation-State Law” which declares that only Jewish people have the right to self-determination in Israel. This law effectively disenfranchises the Palestinian population and reinforces the idea that Israel is a colonial-settler state.

Democratic Facade and Human Rights Violations

Despite claims of being a democratic state, Israel has a long history of human rights violations against the Palestinian people. These violations include the construction of illegal settlements in the West Bank, the use of excessive force against protesters, and the imposition of a blockade on the Gaza Strip.

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Furthermore, Israel’s “democratic facade” has been used to justify these human rights violations. The Israeli government often claims that it is acting in the name of democracy and national security, but in reality, these actions are designed to maintain the status quo and ensure that Israel remains a colonial-settler state.

In conclusion, while Israel may claim to be a democratic state, the reality is that the mechanisms of Israeli democracy have been used to maintain a system of oppression and disenfranchisement against the Palestinian people. The so-called “democratic facade” has been used to justify human rights violations and maintain Israel’s status as a colonial-settler state.

International Perspectives and Responses

Global Reactions to Israeli Policies

The Israeli colonial-settler state has been criticized by many countries and international organizations for its policies towards Palestine. The United Nations has passed several resolutions condemning Israel’s actions, including the expansion of settlements in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. In addition, many countries have imposed economic sanctions on Israel in an attempt to pressure it to change its policies.

One of the most significant global reactions to Israeli policies is the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement. The BDS movement aims to put economic and political pressure on Israel to end its occupation of Palestine, dismantle the separation wall, and grant equal rights to Palestinian citizens of Israel. The movement has gained significant support from civil society organizations, trade unions, and political parties around the world.

The Role of International Law

International law has played a significant role in addressing Israeli policies towards Palestine. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has issued several advisory opinions on the legal status of the Israeli settlements in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The ICJ has ruled that the settlements are illegal under international law and that Israel is obliged to dismantle them.

In addition, the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) has established a commission of inquiry to investigate the Israeli military’s conduct during the 2018 Gaza protests. The commission found that Israeli soldiers had committed war crimes and crimes against humanity by using excessive force against unarmed protesters.

Despite these international efforts, Israel continues to violate international law with impunity. The lack of accountability for Israeli officials has led to widespread criticism of the international community’s failure to take effective action to end the occupation of Palestine.

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