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Analysis

Iran Lacks ‘Trust’ in the US, Araghchi States: The Importanceof Tehran’s Message from Delhi

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When Abbas Araghchi faced reporters in New Delhi on Friday, his message was unremarkable by Iranian standards. It was, nevertheless, remarkably exact.
“We do not trust the Americans.” “This is a fact,” he stated, noting that Iran would engage in negotiations only if Washington demonstrated its true commitment to diplomacy. The comments, made during the BRICS foreign ministers’ meeting, occurred as discussions between Tehran and Washington regarding the resolution of the latest war phase remain stalled and the ceasefire in the highly unstable region is precariously maintained.
For worldwide markets, for Gulf shipping routes, and for the future of the nuclear issue, this was not just diplomatic spectacle. Tehran was establishing the parameters of psychological warfare prior to the resumption of formal negotiations.

The statement “Iran lacks trust in the US” is not recent. However, in May 2026, it holds greater strategic significance. It rests on the ruins of the 2015 nuclear agreement, the pain of re-escalated conflict, assaults during past talks, and the persistent view in Tehran that Washington views diplomacy as a temporary break rather than a sincere commitment.
This goes beyond just trust. It concerns whether the structure of US-Iran diplomacy continues to exist in any form.

The Immediate Context: Why Iran-US Talks 2026 Are on Hold

The current impasse follows months of escalation that turned the long-running shadow conflict between Iran, the United States, and Israel into a direct and dangerous confrontation.

Since February, strikes on military and nuclear-linked infrastructure, retaliatory missile exchanges, and maritime disruptions in the Gulf pushed the region close to a wider war. A fragile ceasefire now exists, but only barely. Araghchi described it as something Iran is trying to preserve “to give diplomacy a chance,” while warning Tehran is equally prepared to resume conflict if necessary.

Negotiations for a permanent settlement reportedly stalled after both sides rejected proposals advanced through mediation channels, including Pakistani diplomatic efforts. Araghchi insisted those efforts had “not failed,” but he also made clear that contradictory signals from Washington remain a central obstacle.

This matters because ceasefires without political architecture rarely survive in the Middle East.

The war may have paused. The argument over its meaning has not.

Why Araghchi Says Iran Has No Trust in US

To understand the phrase, one must begin not in 2026, but in 2018.

That was the year President Donald Trump withdrew the United States from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the 2015 nuclear agreement negotiated under President Barack Obama with Iran, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, China, and the European Union.

The deal had imposed strict limits on Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief. Tehran argues it complied. Washington left anyway.

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That event became, in Iranian strategic memory, the definitive proof that American signatures are reversible and American guarantees are temporary.

Araghchi referenced exactly this logic in Delhi, saying Iran had already proven it did not seek nuclear weapons when it signed the 2015 deal.

From Tehran’s perspective, the sequence is straightforward:

  • Iran accepted intrusive inspections
  • Sanctions relief remained partial and politically fragile
  • Washington exited the agreement
  • Pressure intensified
  • Negotiations resumed under threat of force
  • Military strikes occurred even during diplomacy

For Iranian officials, this is not failed diplomacy. It is evidence that diplomacy itself has been weaponized.

That interpretation does not have to be universally accepted to be geopolitically decisive. It only has to be believed in Tehran.

What “Serious Negotiation” Means for Iran

Araghchi’s phrase that Iran will negotiate only if the US is “serious” sounds vague, but in diplomatic terms it is highly specific.

It likely means four things.

1. Clear Guarantees Against Another Withdrawal

Iran wants more than verbal commitments. It wants mechanisms that make another unilateral US exit politically and economically costly.

This is difficult because no American administration can fully bind its successor.

That structural weakness haunts every negotiation.

2. Separation of Diplomacy From Military Pressure

Tehran argues that negotiations conducted under active military pressure are not negotiations but coercion.

If attacks continue while talks proceed, Iranian hardliners gain the argument at home.

This is especially important after recent strikes and the broader war environment.

3. Recognition of Iran’s Civil Nuclear Rights

Iran insists that peaceful nuclear enrichment is a sovereign right under international law.

Washington and its allies want much tighter restrictions and stronger verification.

This remains the core technical and political dispute.

4. Regional Security Beyond the Nuclear File

Iran increasingly links nuclear diplomacy to broader security guarantees involving Israel, Gulf states, sanctions, and maritime access.

Tehran no longer wants a narrow nuclear transaction. It wants a regional security conversation.

That is a much harder negotiation.

The Strait of Hormuz: The World’s Energy Nerve Center

Perhaps the most consequential part of Araghchi’s remarks was not about nuclear diplomacy at all.

It was about the Strait of Hormuz.

He said vessels can pass through the strait except those “at war” with Iran and that ships seeking transit should coordinate with Iran’s navy. He described the situation as “very complicated.”

This is the sentence energy traders read twice.

Roughly one-fifth of global oil trade passes through Hormuz. Any ambiguity there immediately translates into higher shipping insurance, freight premiums, and oil price volatility.

Even without a formal closure, uncertainty itself becomes an economic weapon.

This is why countries like India are watching closely. India is heavily dependent on imported energy and has strong incentives to prevent further instability in Gulf shipping routes. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar stressed the importance of “safe and unimpeded maritime flows” during the BRICS gathering.

Oil does not need to stop moving for markets to panic.

It only needs to look less certain.

BRICS and the Diplomatic Geography of Pressure

Araghchi did not make these remarks in Tehran. He made them in New Delhi, at BRICS.

That venue matters.

Iran is increasingly trying to frame its confrontation with Washington not as an isolated bilateral dispute but as part of a broader struggle against Western dominance of global institutions.

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At the BRICS meeting, Araghchi urged member states to resist what he called US “bullying” and argued that the “false sense of superiority” of the West must be challenged.

This serves several purposes:

  • It internationalizes Iran’s grievance
  • It reduces diplomatic isolation
  • It seeks economic alternatives to sanctions pressure
  • It places Tehran inside a wider Global South narrative

But BRICS is not a unified anti-Western alliance.

The bloc itself failed to issue a joint statement in Delhi because of internal disagreements over the Middle East crisis, including differences involving Iran.

That failure is revealing.

Iran may find sympathy in BRICS. It does not automatically find consensus.

The American Dilemma

Washington faces its own contradiction.

The United States wants to constrain Iran’s nuclear program, protect Israel, reassure Gulf allies, and preserve maritime security while avoiding another large-scale regional war.

Those goals do not always align.

Maximum pressure can strengthen deterrence but weaken diplomacy.

Rapid concessions can reopen talks but trigger backlash from domestic political opponents and regional allies.

President Trump reportedly expressed impatience with Tehran and aligned pressure with broader international calls to reopen maritime access.

From Washington’s perspective, trust is also scarce.

American officials point to Iran’s regional proxy networks, missile programs, and opaque nuclear activities as reasons skepticism is justified.

This is the paradox: both sides believe mistrust is rational.

And both are correct from within their own strategic frameworks.

That is what makes negotiation so difficult.

Global Oil Markets and the Cost of Strategic Ambiguity

The financial consequences of failed diplomacy extend far beyond the Gulf.

Three sectors are especially exposed:

Energy

Any Hormuz disruption raises crude prices, insurance costs, and inflationary pressure worldwide.

For Europe and Asia, this is an economic issue, not just a security one.

Shipping and Trade

Freight routes through the Gulf remain essential for oil, LNG, and broader trade flows.

Even temporary restrictions reshape logistics planning.

Central Banks

Persistent energy inflation complicates monetary policy from Frankfurt to Tokyo.

A geopolitical crisis in the Gulf can quickly become an interest-rate problem elsewhere.

This is why investors watch Iranian diplomatic language with unusual attention.

Foreign ministers can move markets without touching a single barrel.

What Happens Next: Three Possible Scenarios

Scenario One: Quiet Backchannel Recovery

The most likely path is indirect talks resuming through intermediaries, perhaps with Indian, Omani, Qatari, or Pakistani facilitation.

Public rhetoric stays harsh; private channels reopen.

This is how US-Iran diplomacy usually survives.

Scenario Two: Ceasefire Collapse

A maritime incident, proxy strike, or miscalculation around Israel could rapidly destroy the current pause.

In that case, negotiations disappear and regional escalation returns.

This remains the greatest immediate risk.

Scenario Three: A Narrow Interim Deal

Rather than a grand bargain, both sides may settle for limited arrangements:

  • maritime de-escalation
  • humanitarian channels
  • prisoner exchanges
  • partial sanctions flexibility
  • temporary nuclear restraint

This would not solve the strategic conflict, but it could buy time.

In the Middle East, buying time is often treated as diplomacy.

The Real Story Is Not Distrust—It Is the Management of Distrust

When Araghchi says Iran has no trust in the US, he is stating something almost too obvious to be news.

The real significance lies elsewhere.

Diplomacy between adversaries does not require trust. It requires credible incentives, enforceable limits, and a mutual belief that war is more expensive than compromise.

That calculation is now under stress.

The JCPOA collapsed because trust proved too fragile. The question in 2026 is whether a narrower, colder, more transactional diplomacy can survive where optimism failed.

Tehran is signaling that sentiment is over. Structure must replace it.

Washington must decide whether it is willing to negotiate inside that harder framework.

The Strait of Hormuz remains tense. The ceasefire remains brittle. The nuclear file remains unresolved.

And somewhere between New Delhi and Washington lies the uncomfortable truth of modern Middle East diplomacy:

peace is rarely built on trust.

It is built on exhaustion.


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Analysis

Elon Musk Calls Mukesh Ambani the “Real Boss of India” Over Alleged Monopoly Concerns

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SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has escalated a public dispute over Starlink’s delayed commercial launch in India, sarcastically addressing Reliance Industries Chairman Mukesh Ambani as “Prime Minister Ambani” and questioning whether he holds outsized influence over the country’s telecom landscape. The remarks, posted on X in early October 2026, center on claims that entrenched interests—particularly around Reliance Jio—are slowing satellite broadband approvals to protect market dominance. Indian authorities have rejected the accusations as baseless, emphasizing a uniform regulatory process for all licensed satellite operators. Bloomberg

Musk’s Escalating Posts and Arguments for Starlink

Musk first accused unnamed “oligarchs” of blocking Starlink to maintain a “monopolistic chokehold on the Indian people,” describing the situation as “a crime against the people of India.” He followed by asking, “Is Ambani the real boss of India?” after noting that Starlink is licensed in over 165 countries and has spent five years complying with Indian requirements. In a subsequent post addressed as “Dear Prime Minister Ambani,” he offered a “humble apology” for not recognizing Ambani’s role and urged him to allow competition, arguing that satellite internet could connect underserved areas. Times of India

Musk highlighted potential benefits: improved access for children to education, opportunities for small businesses to reach global markets, and life-saving connectivity during natural disasters when terrestrial networks fail. He later pushed back against critics, stating that competition would benefit Indian consumers with more choices, that Ambani “is not going out of business,” and that Starlink would need affordable pricing to gain traction. Times of India

Government Position: No Monopoly, Uniform Rules for All Licensees

Union Communications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia has directly addressed the claims, stating that “India does not allow a monopoly in any sector.” He confirmed that three companies hold Global Mobile Personal Communication by Satellite (GMPCS) licences: Starlink, Reliance’s Jio Satellite Communications, and Bharti-backed Eutelsat OneWeb. All three are at a similar regulatory stage and can begin commercial services only after each individually completes security clearances (assessed primarily by the Ministry of Home Affairs) and the government finalizes the revenue-based spectrum charging framework. CNBC TV18

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The Department of Telecommunications has described suggestions of discriminatory treatment as “baseless and misconceived.” Security requirements include data localization, lawful interception capabilities, Indian gateways, and related technical demonstrations—conditions that apply equally across licensees. Spectrum assignment is set to be administrative rather than auction-based, with a usage charge of around 5% of adjusted gross revenue (lower for rural/remote areas) nearing finalization with the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. Business Standard

Starlink’s Approval Timeline and Remaining Hurdles

Starlink received its GMPCS licence from the Department of Telecommunications in June 2025 and IN-SPACe authorization for its Gen-1 constellation in July 2025, following years of engagement that began with an application around November 2022. Provisional spectrum for testing has been available in some cases, but commercial operations require the outstanding security clearances and spectrum assignment. OneWeb and Jio Satellite secured earlier licences but face the same final milestones. Amazon’s Project Kuiper has also expressed interest and is under review. Business Standard

India’s Telecom Landscape and Connectivity Gaps

Reliance Jio remains India’s largest wireless operator, with roughly 500–530 million connections and about 39% market share as of mid-to-late 2026 data, closely trailed by Bharti Airtel at around 38%. Together the two private players dominate the market, with Vodafone Idea and BSNL holding smaller shares. Jio has driven significant growth in 5G adoption and fixed broadband. TelecomLead

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Despite high overall coverage, a digital divide persists. TRAI and related data show India with over 1.09 billion internet subscriptions as of early 2026, but rural penetration stands at about 48 subscriptions per 100 people versus roughly 127 in urban areas. Large numbers of people live within mobile broadband footprints yet do not use the internet, with rural-urban gaps remaining notable. Satellite services are positioned by regulators as particularly suited for remote, border, hilly, and island areas that are harder to serve with terrestrial infrastructure. Government programs such as BharatNet continue expanding fiber and mobile coverage in villages. The Policy Edge

Broader Implications

The exchange underscores tensions between global satellite broadband ambitions and national regulatory, security, and competitive frameworks in one of the world’s largest telecom markets. Proponents of faster Starlink entry argue it could accelerate connectivity in hard-to-reach areas and introduce pricing and service competition. Authorities maintain that the process prioritizes security, data protection, and a level playing field among multiple licensed players rather than favoring any single incumbent. As of mid-October 2026, commercial satellite broadband services from any of the three licensees have not yet launched, pending the completion of remaining individual clearances and spectrum finalization.

Musk’s posts have drawn responses from opposition figures, including Rahul Gandhi, but the core dispute remains centered on the pace and nature of regulatory approvals for satellite internet in India. Further clarity is expected once security assessments conclude and the spectrum pricing regime is formally implemented.


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Analysis

Min Ah: The Global Impact and Rising Popularity of the K-Drama Star

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“Min Ah” is one of the most searched names in Korean drama, and it points to more than one actress. The one driving the biggest buzz right now is Shin Min-a.

Key Takeaways

  • Biggest news: Shin Min-a stars as Empress Navier in Disney+’s The Remarried Empress, which premieres November 4, 2026, per Soompi.
  • Cast: Ju Ji-hoon plays Emperor Sovieshu, Lee Se-young plays Rashta, and Lee Jong-suk plays Prince Heinrey.
  • Scale: the story is based on a web novel and webtoon that recorded about 2.97 billion cumulative global views as of July 2026, and it is Disney+’s first K-romance fantasy (SBS Star).
  • Name confusion: other well-known “Min Ah” performers include Kang Min-ah and Minah (Bang Min-ah) of Girl’s Day. This article explains who is who.
NameKnown forLatest news
Shin Min-aLeading roles in major dramas and filmsThe Remarried Empress (Nov 4, 2026)
Kang Min-ahActress represented by H&EntertainmentDrama Sympathetic Cells with Kim Myung-soo; premiere date announced June 2026 (MyDramaList)
Minah (Bang Min-ah)Former Girl’s Day member turned actressBorn May 13, 1993; Girl’s Day debut in 2010 (Dramabeans)

Shin Min-a’s Next Big Role: The Remarried Empress

Disney+ confirmed on August 26 that the series would premiere on November 4, releasing a teaser and character posters (Soompi). The story follows Navier, the “perfect empress” of the Eastern Empire, who is told by her husband that he wants a divorce after he falls for a runaway slave, Rashta. Instead of accepting defeat, Navier asks permission to remarry, choosing the prince of a rival kingdom.

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Release plan

According to industry coverage, the ten-part series will debut with a four-episode drop and then release two episodes each Wednesday through a November 25 finale, and it streams on Hulu in the U.S. (Resonate). The same report says the first three episodes will screen at the Busan International Film Festival, which runs October 6–15.

Why it matters

This is the clearest sign of how K-drama has become a global asset. Platforms are paying for fantasy adaptations of internet-born stories with huge built-in audiences, and they are casting established leads to carry them.

Why Shin Min-a’s Popularity Travels

  • Longevity. She has worked consistently in Korean drama since the early 2000s, and her credits on MyDramaList span more than two decades (MyDramaList).
  • Genre range. From romantic comedy to Netflix thriller Karma and a 2026 film, The Eyes, in which she plays dual roles (MyDramaList).
  • Global platforms. Disney+, Netflix, and Hulu give Korean series simultaneous worldwide releases.

The Other “Min Ah” Actresses

Kang Min-ah

A Seoul-born actress with credits since the 2010s. MyDramaList lists a 2026 drama, Sympathetic Cells, with Kim Myung-soo, whose premiere date was announced in June (MyDramaList).

Minah (Bang Min-ah)

She debuted with Girl’s Day in 2010, made her acting debut on the tvN variety program Roller Coaster, and later won a Best New Actress trophy at the 2013 Gwangju International Film Festival for the film Holly. She led the 2020 film Snowball, which earned a Screen International Rising Star Asia Award at the New York Asian Film Festival (Dramabeans).

How to Search the Right Person

Add the family name: “Shin Min-a,” “Kang Min-ah,” or “Bang Minah.” Spelling varies in English (Min-a, Mina, Min Ah), which is why results get mixed.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Who is Min Ah in K-drama?

There are several, but the most prominent right now is Shin Min-a, starring in The Remarried Empress.

When does The Remarried Empress premiere?

November 4, 2026, on Disney+ (Soompi).

Who is in the cast?

Shin Min-a, Ju Ji-hoon, Lee Jong-suk, and Lee Se-young.

Is Min Ah the same as Minah from Girl’s Day?

No. Minah is Bang Min-ah, a different performer (Dramabeans).

How popular is the source story?

The webtoon had about 2.97 billion global views as of July 2026 (SBS Star).

Whichever Min Ah you were searching for, the pattern is the same: Korean drama talent now finds its audience everywhere at once.


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AI

Pakistan Warns UN Security Council of AI Risks to Global Peace and Equality

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UNITED NATIONS — September 24, 2026: Pakistan has warned the United Nations Security Council that the rapid and insufficiently regulated development of artificial intelligence could deepen global inequality while creating new risks to international peace and security.

Speaking during a Security Council briefing on “Artificial Intelligence and International Security,” Pakistan’s Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Senator Mohammad Ishaq Dar called for stronger international safeguards, regulatory frameworks and governance mechanisms to address the risks associated with increasingly powerful AI systems.

Dar emphasized that the international community needs coordinated action to establish guardrails around artificial intelligence, particularly as AI technologies become increasingly relevant to military decision-making, information systems and national security.

Pakistan Calls for International Guardrails on Artificial Intelligence

Pakistan’s intervention comes as governments and international institutions increasingly debate how AI should be governed across borders.

Dar stressed the importance of restraint and confidence-building measures in the military domain, particularly because AI-assisted systems could compress decision-making timelines and increase the danger of miscalculation.

The concern is significant because artificial intelligence is no longer confined to civilian applications. AI is increasingly being examined in relation to cyber operations, intelligence analysis, autonomous systems, information warfare and other security-sensitive areas.

The United Nations has also warned that AI can create substantial risks when technological development moves faster than international governance.

The UN’s existing AI framework emphasizes responsible, accountable, transparent and human-centered development, while calling for effective human oversight of AI systems.

Why AI Is Becoming a Security Council Issue

The Security Council has previously considered artificial intelligence as a potential factor affecting international peace and security, but the technology has developed rapidly since those early discussions.

A recent analysis by the independent Security Council Report identified several security implications, including AI’s ability to facilitate malicious cyber activity, accelerate the creation and distribution of misinformation and disinformation, and influence military operations.

The organization also highlighted concerns surrounding increasingly autonomous weapons systems, shortened decision-making timelines and questions about human oversight and accountability.

These concerns help explain why AI has moved beyond being primarily a technology-policy issue and increasingly become a subject of international security diplomacy.

The challenge for governments is that AI can simultaneously create opportunities and risks.

AI could help countries identify emerging conflicts, improve humanitarian operations, monitor ceasefires and analyze large quantities of information. At the same time, poorly governed systems could amplify security threats or make already complex conflicts more difficult to manage.

Pakistan Highlights the Global Inequality Dimension

Pakistan’s message to the Security Council went beyond military applications.

Dar also emphasized the need for AI development to be representative, transparent and inclusive, reflecting concerns among developing countries that the benefits of advanced artificial intelligence could become concentrated among a relatively small group of technologically advanced states and companies.

That concern is already reflected in the United Nations’ Global Digital Compact.

The Compact calls for closing digital divides, expanding access to the benefits of the digital economy and strengthening international governance of artificial intelligence. It specifically calls for full and equal representation of countries, including developing nations, in international AI governance.

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This makes AI access and governance part of a broader development question.

Countries with advanced computing infrastructure, large datasets, sophisticated research institutions and substantial private-sector investment are positioned differently from nations that remain dependent on imported technologies and have limited domestic AI capacity.

If that gap widens, AI could potentially reinforce existing economic and technological inequalities rather than reduce them.

UN Framework Already Calls for Inclusive AI Governance

The debate at the Security Council is taking place alongside a broader UN effort to develop international mechanisms for AI governance.

The Global Digital Compact, adopted as part of the Pact for the Future, established a framework for international cooperation on digital technologies and AI.

The United Nations has subsequently established an Independent International Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence and a Global Dialogue on AI Governance.

The first annual Global Dialogue took place in Geneva in July 2026, bringing together governments and other stakeholders to discuss international cooperation, AI opportunities and emerging risks.

The UN says the dialogue is intended to ensure that AI governance reflects the priorities of all nations rather than only those with the greatest technological capabilities.

For developing countries such as Pakistan, this process provides an avenue to raise questions about technological access, capacity-building, data governance and participation in international rule-making.

AI and Military Decision-Making Raise Particular Concerns

One of the most sensitive areas in the AI debate is military decision-making.

AI can process enormous volumes of information far faster than humans. That capability could potentially assist military planners and governments, but it also raises questions about what happens when decisions involving force are increasingly influenced by automated systems.

A shorter decision-making cycle can create pressure to respond before human officials have fully evaluated the available information.

That is why Pakistan’s emphasis on restraint and confidence-building is significant in the context of international security.

The broader UN position has also stressed the importance of retaining meaningful human control over decisions involving the use of force.

The central issue is not simply whether AI should be used in security applications, but how governments can establish accountability when AI-assisted systems contribute to consequential decisions.

Disinformation Adds Another Layer of Risk

AI-generated content presents another challenge for governments and international organizations.

Generative AI can make it easier to create convincing text, images, audio and video at scale. In a conflict environment, such capabilities could complicate efforts to distinguish authentic information from manipulated material.

The UN has identified misinformation and disinformation among the major concerns surrounding artificial intelligence, particularly where manipulated content can affect public trust, human rights or humanitarian operations.

For international institutions, the problem is therefore both technological and political: governments must develop mechanisms capable of addressing harmful AI-generated content without undermining legitimate expression or access to information.

Global AI Governance Is Becoming More Urgent

The current Security Council discussion reflects a larger international shift.

AI governance is no longer being discussed solely in terms of innovation, investment and economic competitiveness. Governments are increasingly considering questions involving national security, international stability, human rights, development and inequality.

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The United States and China, for example, continue to compete technologically while also discussing mechanisms for AI safety and communication.

Meanwhile, the UN is developing a more inclusive multilateral framework intended to give countries a role in shaping international AI governance.

That creates an important distinction between AI development and AI governance.

The first concerns how quickly capabilities advance. The second concerns the rules, safeguards and institutions that determine how those capabilities are developed and deployed.

What Pakistan’s Position Means for Developing Countries

Pakistan’s intervention highlights an issue that is likely to remain central to future AI negotiations: who gets to shape the rules governing artificial intelligence?

Developing countries have an interest not only in managing AI-related risks but also in ensuring access to the technology’s potential benefits.

The UN’s Global Digital Compact recognizes the need for capacity-building, technology cooperation and support for developing countries to access, develop, use and govern AI systems.

That approach is particularly relevant as AI becomes increasingly connected to education, healthcare, agriculture, financial services, public administration and economic productivity.

Without adequate access to computing infrastructure, skills, data and investment, developing countries could find themselves primarily consuming technologies designed elsewhere.

Pakistan’s call for representative and inclusive AI governance therefore places technological development and international security within the same broader conversation.

The Challenge Ahead: Rules That Keep Pace With Technology

The Security Council’s latest discussion illustrates the central difficulty confronting policymakers.

Artificial intelligence is developing faster than many traditional regulatory processes can respond.

International rules must address security risks without unnecessarily blocking beneficial innovation. They must also account for differences between developed and developing countries while maintaining fundamental principles such as human rights, transparency and accountability.

The United Nations’ emerging governance architecture is an attempt to address that challenge through scientific assessment, international dialogue and greater participation by countries around the world.

Pakistan’s intervention adds another voice to that debate, particularly on the consequences of unequal access to AI capabilities and the risks associated with AI-assisted military decision-making.

Conclusion

Pakistan’s warning at the UN Security Council underscores the increasingly international character of the artificial intelligence debate.

The issue is no longer simply how quickly AI can advance. It is also about how the technology is governed, who participates in setting the rules, how military risks are controlled and whether the benefits of AI are distributed broadly enough to avoid deepening existing inequalities.

As AI becomes more deeply integrated into security, economies and public institutions, international cooperation will become an increasingly important part of managing both its opportunities and its risks.

For Pakistan and other developing countries, the emerging global AI governance system will be particularly important because the rules established today could influence access to technology, economic opportunities and participation in future international decision-making for years to come.


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